Salmon Essays (1909 words) - Salmon, Oncorhynchus, Thamnophis

Salmon What species would travel over 2000 miles just to have young and then die? It has been said that anyone who has not seen a wild salmon has not seen what a fish should be. Salmon was the common name applied to fish characterized by an elongated body covered with small, rounded scales and a fleshy fin between the dorsal fin and tail. In this paper I will be discussing history of studying salmon, the life cycle, spawning and mating behaviors; which has much to do with the total reproduction of salmon. Salmon were studied earlier than some may think. Experiments were done by men that date back to the mid-1600s. These experiments involved catching salmon in fresh water, tagging them, and then catching them again when they return to the same place, around six months later. These experiments were doubtful and it was not until the beginning of the 1900's that proof was available that the salmon returned home. (Shearer) Although usually drab in color before the breeding season, which varies with the species, members of the salmon family develop bright hues at spawning time. The male, during this mating season, usually develops a hooked snout and a humped back. In many diverse taxa, males of the same species often exhibit multiple mating strategies. One well-documented alternative male reproductive pattern is 'female mimicry,' whereby males assume a female-like morphology or mimic female behavior patterns. In some species males mimic both female morphology and behavior. We report here female mimicry in a reptile, the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). This form of mimicry is unique in that it is expressed as a physiological feminization. Courting male red-sided garter snakes detect a female-specific pheromone and normally avoid courting other males. However, a small proportion of males release a pheromone that attracts other males, as though they were females. In the field, mati ng aggregations of 5-17 males were observed formed around these individual attractive males, which we have termed 'she-males.' In competitive mating trials, she-males mated with females significantly more often than did normal males, demonstrating not only reproductive competence but also a possible selective advantage to males with this female-like pheromone. In the competitive mating trials, the she-males were successful in 29 out of 42 trials. The normal males won out in only 13! The authors ask the question: Why aren't all males she-males given such an advantage? (Mason, Robert T., and Crews, David; Female Mimicry in Garter Snakes, Nature, 316:59, 1985.) Comment. Among the fishes, bluegills and salmon (and probably many others) have female-appearing males competing with normal males. Abstract: The influence of sperm competition and individual mating behaviour in an externally fertilizing species of fish, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), is estimated from video observations of multiple-male spawnings and subsequent paternity analyses. One male dominated the paternity during polygamous spawnings, fathering more than 80% of the progeny in a single nest. Behavioural analyses of the spawnings showed that the first-mating male had sperm precedence in 6 out of 10 cases. In three of the other spawnings, sperm limitation likely influenced individual success, as the first-mating male had participated in a large number of spawnings. In the final, nearly simultaneous spawning, male size was more important than the 0.6-s difference in spawning times. Thus, male fertilization success can be influenced by a variety of factors, including sperm precedence, male size, and spawning history. Back to Table of Contents Before mating, one parent excavates a nest for the eggs; after the eggs are deposited and fertilized, the female stirs up the stream bottom so that earth and stones cover the eggs and protect them. The eggs hatch in two weeks to six months, depending on the species and the water temperature. During the migrations and nest-building activity that precede mating, neither the females nor the males consume food. In the life cycle of the pacific salmon, nature recycles the parents to feed the babies. Mature salmon leave the Pacific Ocean as saltwater fish, never again to eat as they battle their way up the Columbia River to spawn in the home stream where they were born. Those born in the upper reaches of the Columbia River's tributary stream, the Snake River, travel more than

Aparthied in South Afirca essays

Aparthied in South Afirca essays Imagine having to carry an identity card wherever you went, or having separate places where you could eat and live. These are the things that the Black South Africans ad to go through in South Africa. The Black South Africans were segregated for their race and no other reason at all. Also the Black South Africans were subject to arrest at a given time without an explanation. Basically, apartheid was an act which highly segregated the Black South Africans from the rest of South Africa. Apartheid is an event in history that will never be forgotten. With this even there come two different types of views. There are those people who support apartheid, and think it is a good thing, and there are also people like myself who think that apartheid was a disgrace and a horrible thing. A website entitled: stormfront.org/archive/t-84837 or the Stormfront White Nationalist Community, is a website/forum which on that particular topic, people are discussing their views on the whole Apartheid crisis. All of the people there think that either 'there should have been a homeland for blacks? orAt the time the kaffer was causing unrest and by providing them with cheap, decent or might I add still standing houses in their own areas was something Verwoerd implemented.? Such terms likekaffer? andboer? are the names given to the Black South Africans. These quotes emphasize that not only do these people think that Apartheid was an ok thing to do, but they think that it should have been don e better! I totally disagree with these points of views or anything supporting racial segregation because I don't feel that anybody should be treated differently than anybody else, not to mention I have a mixed family of blacks, whites, and Chinese. Therefore, I feel completely opposite then the people posting their comments on Stormfront. This site obviously displays the views of supporters for apartheid, but there are also websites ...

Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Dissertation

Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Did 50 years ago - Dissertation Example The research is intended to reflect more meaning than might be found through quantitative research with deeper meanings emerging through conversational style interviews with five participants. The participant pool consisted of three women and two men who had been involved in male violence upon female victims. Through these interviews, an understanding of the discourse about the topic emerged. The topic has been examined through a literature review of relevant secondary resources and through primary research of five interviews that were collated into case studies to provide context for emerging themes. In looking at the previous research and the case studies, the concepts that are within the public discourse emerge and become a framework in which to understand why violence against women is perpetuated and has not come to its end. Acknowledgements Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Theoretical Frameworks 1.3 Research Questio ns 1.4 Hypotheses 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fifty Years Ago 2.2.1 Feminism 2.2.2 Violence 2.3 Media 2.4 Public Discourse 3. Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Secondary Research 3.3 Primary Research 3.3.1 Participants 3.3.2 Ethics 3.5 Summary 4. Findings and Discussion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Case Study # 1: Female 4.3 Case Study # 2: Female 4.4 Case Study # 3: Female 4.5 Case Study # 4: Male 4.6 Case Study # 5: Male 4.7 Summary 5.0 Conclusion References Appendices List of Appendices Appendix 1: Questions for Interviews Appendix 2: Contextual Frameworks: Potency vs. Width Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Did 50 years ago Chapter One 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The nature of gender relations have changed dramatically in the last fifty years which has framed the dialogue about violence against women in a different context than it was considered in previous time periods. The state of the female status has evolved from a sense of propert y to a sense of autonomy, the objectification of femaleness made subjective, part of the public sphere and relevant to all aspects of life. In being subjective, the nature of the female present is many things, her situated presence manifesting a number of roles that are both defined by the concept of female, and some by the concept of human. More rarely, she is a the subject of a male identity, her presence part of the discourse of gender role identification that are now virtually all interchangeable. However, this has not discounted the vulnerability of being female, her sex providing a violent access that males are not as vulnerable to in the context of domestic life. The domination of the male, his need to express his maleness through subjugating others in the domestic sphere, has led to violent outbursts that intend to define that dominance. When no other recourse seems available, some men will reduce their ability to convince into an action of violence, manifesting their domina nce through pain and oppression. Threat of further action brings the female into line, her life reduced to self-protection and in protecting other aspects of their life including children, reputation, and the appearance of tranquility. The postmodernists view male violence towards women through looking at the way in which gender divisions have been determined by linguistically framed, the language of violence encouraging aggression attitudes. The emphasis on typical language where power relationships are

Oppotunity cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oppotunity cost - Essay Example The customers may thin k that they are getting a free meal at the cost of a drink and hence more people would be attracted towards the shop. This paper briefly explains the phrase 'TINSTAAFL' in terms of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the cost of passing up the next best choice when making a decision. For example, if an asset such as capital is used for one purpose, the opportunity cost is the value of the next best purpose the asset could have been used for. Opportunity cost analysis is an important part of a company's decision-making processes, but is not treated as an actual cost in any financial statement" (Opportunity cost, n. d). Every problem has more than one solution as economics says. While solving problems we normally opt for the best possible solution. But it is not necessary that our decisions would be always the best because of our inability to analyze or evaluate problems properly. If another better option was available, the opportunity cost is the benefits we could have received by taking that option. In the current world, there are lots of investment opportunities. Some of them may be risky while the others might be risk free. For example, consider a person invest his entire extra money in a savings bank account which provides him an annual interest of below 3%. On the other hand, if that person invests his money in fixed deposits, he can earn more than 8% interest. Here the person losing 5% (8 - 3 = 5) and his opportunity costs are 5% In the initial example of the salon owners who offer free lunch, they are not losing any money since they are accommodating the charges of the meals in the charge of the drink. But at the same time they were able to attract more customers because of this business strategy. In other worlds, the salon owners were able to make more profit by selecting an alternate option for selling their drinks. It should be remembered that if the salon owners do not offer any free lunch and function like other shop owners, their sales might be the same as that of the others. But by selecting an alternate option without sacrificing anything, they were able to increase their profit. "Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost" (Joanne, 2008)' Characteristics of Opportunity cost Thus the opportunity cost is not restricted to financial costs alone. The real cost of output forgone, lost time, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered as opportunity costs. Consider a person with $ 100 in his hand. He can purchase some shirts or some books or even he can invest it in shares or fixed deposits. If he purchases shirts or books for the money he has, the value of the goods may decrease as time passes and he loses his money as opportunity cost. At the same time if he invests the money in term deposits, he may get more money as time passes. In other words the same money yields negative opportunity cost in the first instance whereas it yields positive opportunity cost in the second instance. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics because of its worth and value in taking decisions. It is capable of describing the economic terms like scarcity and choice and moreover it can establish the relationship between the

Marketing Concepts at the Starbucks Company

Marketing Concepts at the Starbucks Company EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It has been argued by some people that they think marketing contributes to evils appearing in the world caused by the criticism referring to the effects caused by advertising. None of the critics are true because marketing is about finding the best strategy for gathering information about how consumers behave in the market providing those products that could satisfy their needs and wants when they are needed at that particular time such goods should be of good quality. This report will give a clear understanding of what marketing is all about its elements, benefits and costs of a marketing approach in todays business. The Micro and Macro environment concept the factors that influence marketing decisions. Segmentation criteria used for product in different markets. Factors influencing the choice of targeting strategy and the concept of buyer behaviour affecting marketing activities. How product development helps to sustain competitive advantage also process of how distribution can be arranged to provide customer convenience. DEFINITION OF MARKETING Introduction Researchers such as Chartered Institute of marketing came out with the conclusion that marketing in United Kingdom has changed rapidly in the last 30 years which is due to the advanced technology. Customers are the centre heart of the marketing, where by marketing is not only about selling the products, organisations need to have a clear picture of marketing concept and the importance of it in meeting the organisation objectives. Different authors came out with their own definitions of marketing as follows; Marketing is a human activity directed at satisfying human wants and needs Phillip Kotler, He finalise that marketing involve the process of selling and buying the products or services which is conducted in a professional way such as through advertising, promotions, social networks etc that aims at meeting the customers satisfaction.  [1]   The American Marketing of Association came out also with the definition of marketing saying that is an activity which set institutions that is processed to create a message that could be delivered to the customers also exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The American Marketing of Association  [2]  . They have viewed that marketing is about going beyond what organisation does encompassing the great extent of activities that marketers undertake making sure their message is about certain product or services reach the customers that is marketing. P. Kotler and G Armstrong defined marketing as the process were by companies tend to create products of value for customers and building strong customer relationships in order to capture the value from customers in return  [3]  . Principles of marketing page 3. Authors came out with this definition due to that fact that marketing is not only involving on selling and buying it includes social and managerial process too where individuals and organisation as well can obtain their needs and wants through the process of exchanging value with others. American Marketing Association 1985 came out again with another definition of marketing which they said that is a process of planning by executing the process of pricing, planning and distribution of ideas that goods and services could create exchange that satisfy individual and organisational objectives. They explained that marketing is a process which is performed within the organisation  [4]  . Marketing strategy and competitive positioning pg 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF A MARKETING ORIENTED ORGANISATION Kohli and Jaworski (1990) defined marketing orientation as one or more departments engaging in activities directed towards the process of developing an understanding of customers such as their buying behaviour which is current and future needs and the factors affecting them, sharing of this understanding across departments and the various departments engaging in activities designed to meet select customer needs.  [5]  Marketing strategy and competitive positioning pg 8 It is argued that social and economic justification of customer wants and needs while at the same time meeting organisational objectives which is based on understanding that a sale does not depend on aggressive sales force, but rather on a customer decision to purchase a product  [6]  Introduction to Marketing 9th Edition pg 8. Characteristics of a marketing oriented organisation are as follows. Concentrates on the products that meets the customer needs and wants which are different from their competitors. Integrating the activities conducted within the organisation such as production to satisfy such wants. Making sure long-term goals are being achieved within the organisation by satisfying customer wants and needs legally and in a response way. A market oriented organisation need to identify their competitive arena and competitors which by knowing their strength and weakness which is assessing what the competitors are intending to do in the future or tomorrow and what they are doing today that could help the organisation to come out with better strategy to win the market share. MARKETING CONCEPT Felton (1959) defined marketing concept as a corporate state of mind that exists on the integration and co-ordination of all the marketing functions which, in turn, are melded with all other corporate functions, for the basic objective of producing long-range profits. It is characterised by achieving organisational goals which depends on identifying he needs and wants of the target markets and making sure desired satisfaction of the customer are delivered in an effective and efficient way than what competitors do. Kotler ELEMENTS OF MARKETING CONCEPT IN STARBUCKS COMPANY Starbucks is a leading retail company selling different flavours of coffee, snacks, to its customers. It started in US in 1971 then opened more branches in across all over UK high streets having 650 stores in UK and Ireland in 1998. Starbucks is targeting all kind of group such as young age, middle age also old age. Starbucks as one of the example showing how they have described the elements of marketing concept in their organisation which are customer orientation, organisation integration and mutually profitable exchange. CUSTOMER ORIENTATION MARKETING ENVIRONMENT IN STARBUCKS. An organisation can be structured in the certain ways that implements the goal of the organisation such factors can be interfered externally which is termed as Macro environment and internally known by Micro environment. Environment can change due to certain circumstances where by the organisation such as Starbucks can manage such change by having marketing plans, proper promotion, well distribution manner and proper pricing method in advance in case changes happened. Macro environment analysis These are the forces that affect the organisation externally in a very large part such as political, economical, social and technological (PEST) Political Factor This is relating to the huge amount of tax imposed to the business by the government which tend to interfere the organisation activities when it wants to maximise its profit. Political factor from other branches in other countries where could be wars, dictatorial government, civil wars that may influence the marketing environment of the organisation. Also laws imposed to the organisation where by the government restricting shops from selling alcohol at certain time, ethics practice child labour, health and safety, fair trade etc which organisations need to practice them. Economical Factor Economic factors such as recession which hard a big impact to the different organisations also to the consumer ability to purchase their product due to been unemployed and having debts. As UK joined European Union introduced free movement of goods and services that result to the occurrence of competitions among the organisation. The way income is distributed among the individuals impact the marketing activities such as higher income earners, middle and low earners these are economic factor influence marketing segmentation and decisions. Social factor Social factors that influence marketing decisions are such as demographic factors which is relating to the population where when the population increases creates good opportunity for the marketing activities but if it decreases results to great impact in the market. Age, marketers tend to target their market according to the number of age available in an area. Behaviour also may influence the marketing decision where by some ethnics may not be able to purchase certain products due religion aspects also due to consumers different in taste, style and fashion some may like the products others may find them not attractive. Technological factor This is spread of advance technology which is changing the world in rapid state where now consumers can buy their products online; or decide to but coffee machines and make their own coffee at home organisation can market their products through various social networks such as Facebook, Twitter which are being used by the people regularly such factors does influence marketing decisions when they decide to plan their marketing activities. PORTERS FIVE FORCES Porters Five Forces Model can be used by the company to identify its opportunities and threats of their competitors. Starbucks can use such model to be able to enter new reach markets. Starbucks has few competitors such a Cafe Nero, Costa coffee, Coffee republic such find it hard to compete with Starbucks due to that Starbucks have got good opportunity in the volume of operations. Starbucks is the leading coffee retailer in the world having good brand. (Kembell). Threats that Starbucks faces are cities that have small number of population due to having low number of competitors that Starbucks find it hard to compete. Starbucks is well known in the coffee market for its innovation and strong product differentiation. Starbucks has introduced the prepaid debit card; Seattles Best launched its version. STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS Stakeholder is any person who has the direct or indirect interest in the company. Examples of stakeholders are customers, suppliers, government, employees, other agencies etc. Stakeholders are of the great importance to any organisation without them the organisation wont be able be able to survive, their needs need to be met by organisations such operating marketing activities in ethical way, abiding to the laws and regulations regarding to business, protecting the environment from any harm, they can manage to sustain the marketing activities etc If such needs are not fulfilled they have the power to cause destruction in the marketing plan and decisions.

The Issue of Non-Human Intelligence :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Question of Non-Human Intelligence Human beings have long assumed that they were at the pinnacle of the evolutionary pyramid thanks mainly to their more complex brain. They believe that this advanced brain makes them not just more intelligent but categorically different from all other organisms. Recent advances in the fields of neurobiology and anatomy have begun to chisel away at this most scared of human assumptions and demonstrate that human brains, and the intelligence associated with them, are not categorically different than other animals. Instead the research indicates that intelligence is on a continuum from "lower" animals to "higher" ones. These findings led to new fields of research which sought to gain a better understanding of intelligence and its evolution by comparing the behaviors and the brains of various organisms. Despite existing for many years and being supported by researchers in fields as varied as biology and linguistics there have been nearly as many steps backward as there have been forward. The central dilemma in studying intelligence is to come up with a universally acceptable definition of intelligence. Many researchers define intelligence as the ability to use language and create tools to manipulate the environment. While this definition may seem fairly logical, especially because humans seem to be the axiomatic example for this definition, many researchers argues that its anthropocentric nature is too limiting. By placing parameters on intelligence which only humans meet, and lower primates fit to varying degrees, it is inherently impossible to find "intelligence" in any other species. A second problem with this humanist definition of intelligence is that it is based largely on human introspection and the knowledge that we are conscious, rational, linguistic animals(1). Kenneth Marable argues "if the same criterion that are used to rule out non-human intelligence were applied to humans without the benefit of introspection, we would doubt even our own intelligence"(1 ). One of the first goals of inter-species intelligence studies was to create a quantitative scale to measure the intelligence of animals. Since the administration of IQ test to many different species seemed illogical, researchers turned to using scales which compared the size of an animal's brain to the size of its body; this value was known as the Encephalization Quotient. The Encephalization Quotient (EQ) "allows researchers to ask the question: 'Is the brain of a given species bigger or smaller than would be expected, compared with that of other animals its size?

Beowulf: the Film vs. the Text

Throughout time, many stories have been altered to suit a particular time period. Often times a film’s adaptation is much different than text adaptations while the two can also be very similar. Over the span of hundreds of years there have been multiple interpretations of Beowulf detailing the similarities and differences between the 2007 film and the various text versions. The portrayal of both King Hrothgar’s and Grendel’s appearance and personalities are different in the film than in the text.In the motion picture version, he was portrayed as being an unstable alcoholic. This quote from the film demonstrates this, â€Å"I want mead! Give me some mead, my queen† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes)! In the film King Hrothgar is also portrayed as being a disgrace to his wife, in the written version on the other hand he was portrayed as a noble and mighty king who was adored by all his loyal subjects. ‘They said that of all the kings upon the earth he was the m an most gracious and fair-minded, kindest to his people and keenest to win fame† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes).In the movie, there was mention of an affair that King Hrothgar had. This quote from the film exposes the queen’s pain as she discovers the affair, â€Å"How could I ever lay with you, knowing you laid with her† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes)? In the text edition there is no evidence of any affair. In the picture Grendel had a very apathetic appearance. In the written material he was personified as an enormous monster thatis feared by ? Hamilton 2 all of Herot. This quote demonstrates his tormenting of the people by Grendel. There have been many great men who have come, but in the morning there was nothing left but blood on the floor, and the ventures, and the walls† (Memorable Quotes for Beowulf (2007)). In the film Grendel had the ability to speak and he was sensitive to light and sound. The way details and events were explained was different in one of th e two versions. In the film for example, King Hrothgar commits suicide, there is no evidence in the text supporting this.The film implies that Beowulf takes interest in the queen, while in the text there is no evidence of any romantic interest among them. This line from the film shows Beowulf’s interest, â€Å"Me It's not me he wants, my queen† (Memorable Quotes for Beowulf (2007))? The film states that Beowulf not only had an affair with Grendel’s Mother but also had a child with her. In the movie Beowulf marries the queen after Hrothgar’s death and eventually cheats on her similar to how Hrothgar did.The text details a tower that was dedicated to Beowulf after his demise; however the film eludes any mention of a tower. Wiglaf was crowned king before Beowulf’s demise in the movie but the text insinuates that the crowning occurred after his death. The battles were illustrated differently in both variations. For instance â€Å"The Battle with Grend el’s Mother† never transpired; instead she had a child with Beowulf. In â€Å"The Battle with Grendel†, the film insinuates that the men were awake when Grendel attacked and he also attacked numerous men.In the text on the hand, the men were asleep when he attacked and he only attacked Wiglaf. In â€Å"The Battle with The Dragon† viewers learned that he was actually Beowulf’s son. Throughout time there have been multiple analyses of Beowulf detailing the similarities and differences between the 2007 film and the various text translations. There are a wide range of differences in the film versus the text. These differences range from something as little as the appearances of main characters to the depiction of major events and details. Beowulf: the Film vs. the Text Throughout time, many stories have been altered to suit a particular time period. Often times a film’s adaptation is much different than text adaptations while the two can also be very similar. Over the span of hundreds of years there have been multiple interpretations of Beowulf detailing the similarities and differences between the 2007 film and the various text versions. The portrayal of both King Hrothgar’s and Grendel’s appearance and personalities are different in the film than in the text.In the motion picture version, he was portrayed as being an unstable alcoholic. This quote from the film demonstrates this, â€Å"I want mead! Give me some mead, my queen† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes)! In the film King Hrothgar is also portrayed as being a disgrace to his wife, in the written version on the other hand he was portrayed as a noble and mighty king who was adored by all his loyal subjects. ‘They said that of all the kings upon the earth he was the m an most gracious and fair-minded, kindest to his people and keenest to win fame† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes).In the movie, there was mention of an affair that King Hrothgar had. This quote from the film exposes the queen’s pain as she discovers the affair, â€Å"How could I ever lay with you, knowing you laid with her† (Beowulf: Top Ten Quotes)? In the text edition there is no evidence of any affair. In the picture Grendel had a very apathetic appearance. In the written material he was personified as an enormous monster thatis feared by ? Hamilton 2 all of Herot. This quote demonstrates his tormenting of the people by Grendel. There have been many great men who have come, but in the morning there was nothing left but blood on the floor, and the ventures, and the walls† (Memorable Quotes for Beowulf (2007)). In the film Grendel had the ability to speak and he was sensitive to light and sound. The way details and events were explained was different in one of th e two versions. In the film for example, King Hrothgar commits suicide, there is no evidence in the text supporting this.The film implies that Beowulf takes interest in the queen, while in the text there is no evidence of any romantic interest among them. This line from the film shows Beowulf’s interest, â€Å"Me It's not me he wants, my queen† (Memorable Quotes for Beowulf (2007))? The film states that Beowulf not only had an affair with Grendel’s Mother but also had a child with her. In the movie Beowulf marries the queen after Hrothgar’s death and eventually cheats on her similar to how Hrothgar did.The text details a tower that was dedicated to Beowulf after his demise; however the film eludes any mention of a tower. Wiglaf was crowned king before Beowulf’s demise in the movie but the text insinuates that the crowning occurred after his death. The battles were illustrated differently in both variations. For instance â€Å"The Battle with Grend el’s Mother† never transpired; instead she had a child with Beowulf. In â€Å"The Battle with Grendel†, the film insinuates that the men were awake when Grendel attacked and he also attacked numerous men.In the text on the hand, the men were asleep when he attacked and he only attacked Wiglaf. In â€Å"The Battle with The Dragon† viewers learned that he was actually Beowulf’s son. Throughout time there have been multiple analyses of Beowulf detailing the similarities and differences between the 2007 film and the various text translations. There are a wide range of differences in the film versus the text. These differences range from something as little as the appearances of main characters to the depiction of major events and details.