Discuss in relation to the Crime and Disorder Act (1998) and other recent developments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1894 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction Police work together in addressing and solving issues on crime and violation of law in the community actually referred as community partnership. Community partnership is an important tool in community policing. Community partnership with the police involves collaborations of community individuals with the law governing agencies working hand in hand in order to identify the main problems facing a community and also strategize on finding a viable solution to the problem. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discuss in relation to the Crime and Disorder Act (1998) and other recent developments" essay for you Create order When police is alone, it cannot know the main and root causes of certain problems in a community hence it has to interact with people in the community in order to be able to get information on criminal practices which might be happening in the community. It also applies when police are doing their investigations on a certain criminal they must rely on the community individuals for information access. As a result the individuals in the community stand out as strong contributors and shareholders in making sure that criminal actions are abolished and incase of any, it is tracked easily and the right action taken on it. Community partnership with the police also plays an important role in strengthening and improving public trust (Cordner Gary pg 170). Foundation of community policing partnerships Community policing networks and partnerships has been growing slowly since 1960s when civil rights movement uncovered the weaknesses of the old model of policing which was operating in the moment. Police community partnership and networking came forth political convolutions which accompanied civil rights movement as early as 1960s. Increased objections against discrimination of people according to their race alerted government about the situation of tension. Then government became anxious to know the sources of racial injustices and tension s concerning the police. This subjected police to extreme public criticism as public figure of authority and law enforcement. The investigations suggested that the police were harsh on the minorities and treated them with a lot of injustices which was not the case for the white citizens. Due to this case the political department became aware of changing society and in 1967 commission on law enforcement and ensuring of justice put it clear that pol ice should be responsive in their dealings. The areas which were to be rectified were the relationships between the police and the minorities which was hostile.   Community police relationships were started in early 1970s where the police approaches were reconstructed to fit the newly introduced method of policing which was referred as community policing. The police operations were arranged and planned according to geographical or community bases in order to bring close relation with the citizens in the communities. Also the line officers were offered a great responsibility in making decisions which helped to be able to respond to problems faced by neighborhoods. In1990s community policies had became strong and the police were serious in implementing its policy reforms receiving a great support from the office of community oriented services. They could hold annual conferences to sensitize people on the community policing. Societal organizations formed by the political department contributed to acceptance of the community policing in the community (Florenc et al pg 342). Police partnership with the community have are very effective in achieving good personal safety. The extent of relationship determines the degree in which social order is maintained in the society. There are different levels in which it can be tested and evaluated and then graded according to its affectivity and positive influence to the society (Mitchell Natasha, Julia Bryan pg 400). Nature of policing In a democratic society, it is very true that the police cannot work alone since they serve people and are supposed to be answerable to the people they serve. However there exist two different features of policing depicting the role of the police. Rude power of police which is only evident in times of violence in society as police exercise their duties can led them violating the rights and freedom of citizens regarded by the democratic society to be very important. The regulations governing police operation do not determine and moderate what police should do (Briggs Rachel pg 980). This brings an argument that policing is an activity where you make your own wise choices and judgments which make most of police actions to be seen an unjust and threatening to citizens hence police must consider public interest in their acts. Pros of community police partnership The relationship between the police and the community is very important since it ensure effective problem solving. It involves altering the norms of how police work in order to achieve their goals. When there are good relations between police and the community, everybody is responsible for maintaining justice. When a problem occur it easy to determine the source since the community offers the required information enabling the police to make vital decisions on how to deal with the problem. Partnerships and relations between the police and the community help to strengthen the community. Police involve the community members in the act of making sure that they eliminate criminal offences. In the process the community problems are solved since the most suitable solutions are sought. The aim of police community networks and relationships are aimed at reducing and eliminating the rate of crime and disorder in the community. The police are able to access very important information from the community which enable them to investigate and find out hidden criminal behavior in the community and be able to root it out (Crawford, T. A. M., Karen Evans). Police-community relationships help reduces fear in the community. Police presence in the community increases sense of security in the neighborhood. People in the community build more trust in police activities and therefore they are able to know the activities done by police men in on daily basis hence becoming responsible for elimination of crime from the community. Furthermore improve relations between the community and the police improve the quality of life in the community since crime cases are minimized. Also the community is able to give it suggestions and be listened and even the right action be taken. When community partners with police or law enforcement department, criminal offences are reduced and resources which could have been invested in law enforcement are investment in other activities in the community hence improving the living standards for the community. Cons in police community relation and partnership Power struggle This occurs where all the citizens in the community have not centered their minds on promoting and working with the police to bring justice and curb criminal actions in the community rather they are engaged in police community relations with bad intentions and reasons. These individuals use this advantage to fulfill their personal demand and interest. Different ideas Some people have different view on police presence in the community. This occurs on rebellious people and also people who commit crimes since they don’t want to be suspected. This makes it unworkable for some of people. Deviance creation Police relations with the community create deviance among the members of the community where it eradicates the cases or crime. The community no longer sees the importance of police actions since there are no criminal actions. This notion is very bad since it cultivate criminal actions again. Also creates an environment where criminal cases are overlooked without action being taken. Examples of partnerships Patrol police and Detective police Police involved patrol duties the in a neighborhood use wise skills which enable them to be effective in their duties. The police involved in patrolling base their relations with the people in the community who can inform them of any criminal offences and direct them the victims as soon as action has happened or when in action. Patrol officers with the agents they consult in the community help in pointing out the behaviors of parolees and other issues leading them to commit crimes. In doing so, the police can employ various strategies in order to reduce the cases of crime in the community. Example of team in this department is Redland police and correlation team in California. This relation involves the police officers visiting paroles in their homes and looking how they are doing. On the other hand detectives work hand to hand with the people in the community individuals in order to get information from victims. They also consult witnesses in order to get the information crime cases being investigated. Chiefs and executive officers Chiefs act as a link between the community and the higher level officers as they execute their duties in the community. Chiefs maintain and strengthen the relationships between the people in the community and police hence police are able to get enough information about criminal offences committed. Crime and Disorder act (1998) and other developments The act was put to action in 1998 and its main aim was to make strategies on how to ensure safety of the community (Millie et al pg 390). It called upon all the local authorities to partner with different agencies in order to achieve its objectives. It main objectives were: Stop youth from being involved in criminal cases. Eliminate unfriendly behavior in the community and make people to be responsible for crime and disorder. Deal with crimes encouraged by racial life in the community. Providing transparency in sentencing. Care people from mistreatments such as sex, violence and drug addicts. This act was aimed at bringing the community in a close relation with the police in order to effectively achieve the goal they had prioritized foe the community. The police major to partner with the community individuals because the service is directed to citizens (Crawford Adam pg 41). According to the scope of this act, it contained orders which were to be followed by authorities involved in the duties delegated. In 2002 a reformation was done on police act which had been made in 1988. The act was formally based on disallowance of driving off-road. However it was reformed in the police reform act of 2002 where it was based on the welfare of the community. The police were to take action vehicles used in anti-social way (Sanders et al). A vehicle distressing, annoying and alarming the public was said to be used in anti-social manner. Before the action could be taken a warning was to be given. Another act was done in 2007 to improve on identification of national background of criminals using special check systems. The act was amended in 2008 as and was referred as NICS act of 2007. Te act actions were that individuals were forbidden from buying firearms; have a close check of funds obtained from fines and whether do the work in which they allocated to accomplish and before taking an action to a criminal then he was to be determined on mental defectively (Maguire Mike pg 210). National criminal history improvement program was enacted in 2016 to improve the level of strategies of fighting to crimes and ensuring justice to criminals and also improving the accessibility of criminal information and records as well improving check supporting systems. It also aimed strengthening national record systems and use them in for criminal background investigation (Terrill Richard J). Conclusion Police partnership with different agencies is important since it bases its services on the community and leads to maximum protection of individual as well as fair execution of justice. The partnerships are also good since they root out crime from the society.

What s The Big Deal With Big Lips - 1551 Words

So what s the big deal with Big Lips? How big is too big? And of course, the question everyone is asking: If I keep getting my lips plumped up on a regular basis, will my offspring have naturally bigger lips Well, if you believe in the theory of Pangenesis, then definitely keep getting your lips plumped so your children will have nice, plump, pouty lips naturally! I think we can all agree that big, pink lips are a sign of youthfulness, sexiness and above all, fertility. Whether we do it consciously or not, our society is obsessed with attracting a mate to procreate, and nothing says PICK ME! PICK ME! like a pair of luscious, full lips adorned with shimmering strawberry flavored lip gloss. So the question is: what should I do and what really works? If you are a member of the Brazilian Suya tribe or the African Mursi tribe, or a member of the small, but growing Suya/Mursi Western followers, you ll have to invest in a lip plate and wear it rather consistently. This is actually a good example against the theory of Pangenesis, given that the children of these tribal women were born with normal sized lips. Remember that beauty is culturally relative and that even within the same culture, we have generational and geographical differences as to what constitutes the ideal beauty. I will thus limit myself to the cosmetic surgery obsessed Western culture, since not everyone subscribes to National Geographic. Before I address the popular injection method for achieving aShow MoreRelatedSummary Of I Don t Own Anything 964 Words   |  4 Pagesdon t own anything Leslie s POV Alright, I choose I declared, I looked at Damian, he could be second, Dickie is always honest so he wouldn t hide any injures that are too bad, then I looked at Bruce, Bruce goes first, then Damian, then Dickie. Leslie- he started but I cut him off. I am not in the mood for arguing I said, all of you, strip to your boxers I put down the materials and watched as Bruce sat down on the bed. He s fine, except there s a deep cut on his leg. I grabRead MoreMarilyn Monroe s Role Model1176 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I was a child I admired Marilyn Monroe s beauty, unsure of who she was, I was impressed by her glamour. I vividly remember Monroe s beautiful face features, painted in many frames, clothing and accessories of many of the stores where I would go. She always showed confidence with her half-opened red rose lips and her alluring looks. As I grew older, I learned that Marilyn Monroe was an actress, model and one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Later I learned that the Hollywood celebrityRead MoreEssay on Communication Problems in the Workplace656 Words   |  3 PagesHardware. My most important job, among my many duties, is to help customers. Usually everything goes ok, but there are always a few customers that can be hard to deal with. I’ve had to deal with Mexicans who can barely speak English. I’ve had to deal with Mexicans who use the ir 5 year old children/grandchildren as translators. I once had to deal with a Canadian couple whose accent was so rich; I would have about a 30 second delayed response to try to convert their English into my English. Then there areRead MoreMy Experience At The Mirror Hanging On A Vanity1257 Words   |  6 Pageslooking me over.So Jade we are going to be your stylists for the parade my name is Darkness, and this is Mayflower and Flora,she said pointing at the other two.I waved shyly. I sat down on the soft couch there staring at them as they talked about what they were going to do to me.I really didn t understand any of it.It was way out of my element. I wished I was home right now,I d be making breakfast with mom or helping dad with the crops or anything normal like that.I d even enjoy having a mudRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women1288 Words   |  6 Pagesdepicted what made a woman possess femininity progressed from a unified femininity to a sexualized femininity then to a innocent femininity decade to decade but still keeping the same values. During the 30s most American women functioned around uniformed femininity in which women were told what to do. The illustration in artifact A depicts a woman with vibrant blush and lipstick. These two sections of the face were very popular during this era. Lipstick at this time showed a great deal of femininityRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesrelate to this experience in â€Å"Othello† because racism is seen almost anywhere today. Couples that are mixed races can be considered â€Å"disgraceful† and some people have a problem with it, while others do not. Today, there are almost no limitations to what a person can choose to do with their life. Over time, mixed race couples have become more accepted and normal for society. In Shakespeare’s time, there was only white and white or black and black; there was no social acceptance for black and whiteRead MoreMake-Up Art Cosmetics1473 Words   |  6 Pagesline of products. They were given a small corner and it soon became the most popular counter in the department store. Currently there are 23 M.A.C. Counters in Bay stores across Canada. Eatons originally turned them away and now the partners wont deal with them. The company hires people based on creative talent, not looks; a novel tactic for this industry. Toskan is quoted saying: I dont have the luxury of communicating with my clients, so therefore my salespeopleRead MoreHow Are Women Treated As Unequals For Men?1277 Words   |  6 Pagestheir social community. As longs as humans have existed, women have been oppressed. Men were generally seen as the breadwinner, the man in the relationship, the man of the house. This theory, or belief further lead to what was known as the retro-era. The retro-era, around the 1950’s, was the epitome of gender-based stereotypes, where women were only valuable to household skills such as cooking, cleaning and housework. In more modern times, women gradually received more rights to pursue careers menRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald1249 Words   |  5 PagesEven with Tyler s promises and coddling Connor was still crying, so he decided to walk into his kitchen and fetch one of Connors baby bottles and fill it up with almond milk. He held the crying boy on his left hip as he maneuvered around the kitchen. Once the bottle was prepared, and warm enough, Tyler made an ah sound to signal for Connor to open his mouth. He opened his mouth quickly, and Tyler placed the bottle s nipple into the boys awaiting mouth. Connor wrapped his lips around the bottleRead MoreGrammar Essay : Grammar Exercise1436 Words   |  6 Pagesdoesn t eat any ones, or steal any princesses, or even breathe the fire! Riding Dragons is most like big, flying, scaly dogs. They even smelled a little like dogs! She wasn t scared, and she kept tells herself that as she climbed onto the Riding Dragon s back. She shook, (but only a little,) as the Riding dragon looked back at her. Teresa smiled as the Riding Dragon took off. Riding dragon s was just as fun as she had hoped. 2) Reading Comprehension: â€Å"Yes, I know that the train was supposed

Donald B Chocolate Company Marketing Environment Analysis - Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Donald B Chocolate Company Marketing Environment Analysis. Answer: Introduction Market Environment Analysis is the most appropriate and adequate method to arrive at an understanding related to surrounding of an organization(Aaker, 2008). Donald B is a chocolate maker in Melbourne and also has two stores. In order to grow its brand in national and international markets, it has to develop strategies in order to cope with markets. The scope of the study analyses buyer behaviour in the market, microenvironment, macroenvironment and competition analysis for the Company to understand possible impact on its business. Buyer behaviour is a complex type of outcome in which a potential customer acts connected to a decision making for a purchase. Chocolate is a favorite product that attracts almost all variable type of demographics, hence analysing them further will help segment the market appropriately and cater to the same(Magretta, 2013). Donald B will be able to design marketing mix in an appropriate manner by analysing the complex buyer behaviour of consumers in the market also influence them. A consumer while making a purchase decision related to any product goes through a complex cycle of decision making on basis of their need based analysis system. The Company makes a varied type of products as cocoa product, confectionery, crystalized or glazed fruit, liquorice, marshmallow, drinking chocolate, candied nut, candied popcorn and so on. A wide range of factors impacts buyers while they making decision for purchasing a particular product as cultural factors, social factors, personal factors and p sychological factors(Hawkins, 2010). The factors acts within the complex system in which buyers takes decision related to a particular product. Varied behaviour of a buyer is dependent on brand of the product, in case there is significant difference between brands then buyers will react in a different manner compared to when there is almost nil difference between them. There can be two types of behaviour of buyers as high involvement and low involvement behaviour. The product made by Donald B does not significantly differ from other brands that offer chocolates(Solomon, 2012). Hence it is expected that in case a buyer is highly involved in purchasing chocolates regularly there will be less dissonance reducing buying behaviour. Meaning ones buyer recognizes need for purchasing chocolates, he or she will visit a particular store assess the alternatives available and post evaluation of alternatives will make a purchase. Most of the products offered by Donald B is low involvement product apart therefore, a consumer is less likely to face dissonance in their buying behaviour. In case of global expansion if the Company decides to manufacture high involvement product in chocolates as boutique chocolates or specialty chocolates, then its brand presence is bound to play a huge role. Most of the products that are manufactured by Donald B is low involvement product as consumers generally makes purchase of chocolates from impulse, as when influenced by kids or women. It is necessary that buyer outcome in case of products that are offered by the Company will be a habitual buying behaviour arising from factors as children present in family, women who like chocolates. Melbourne is a city with relatively stable population and consumers having spending power compared to suburbs. The Company with its two stores hence is able to cater to large number of customers in the city and also those coming to the city from suburbs for job purpose. In case the brand is able to deliver expected taste as per preference of consumers in chocolates, it is likely to have regular consumers that make purchase of its product. Microenvironment Chocolate is a highly liked product amongst multiple segments of consumers. In Australia prevalence of a number of chocolate makers and their presence in the market makes it difficult for a Company to establish a stable set of customers. Micro-environmental factor analysis relates to prevailing conditions within the industry that allows the Company establish a suitable position. While a Company as Donald B relatively new in the market compared to existence of multiple traditional chocolate manufacturers in the market establishes its business it faces a number of challenges. Most important factor that has impact on the Company is the forces that buyers or publics poses. As discussed earlier with emergence and prevalence of a number of chocolate manufacturers in the region, buyers or the publics have tremendous variety to make their purchases from(Australia, Retrieved on 31st March 2018). Buyers are offered with varied types of chocolates with varied types of prices. Across national as well as international markets buyers have presence of a large number of brands to select their products from. They can select from a wide range of the product available across the market. In this scenario presence of the brand or brand loyalty will make significant difference in purchase behaviour of the consumer. The industry in which the present Company is competing can expect high levels of switching behaviour amongst buyers. The product manufacturer has to design strategies to make its products widely available and accessible to consumers and at affordable rates. The brand can also provide added advantage as discounts, free gifts to lure customers more towards making brand purchase. The Company also has to make high investments into promotional activities such that publics recall value is high. The analysis proves that the brand experiences high pressure from its consumers due to a number of factors. A Company is able to establish and expand its business on basis of supplier relationship, which provides raw materials to the Company. Supplier power over a Company determines its success or failure in the market. Most integral raw material for manufacturing chocolate is cocoa. Australia manufactures small amounts of cocoa in its Northern and other parts. Production and supply of Australia is well regulated by Governmental engagement and with presence of Unions in the region. Fair trade agreements prevent cocoa producers being exploited in the region and majority of chocolate manufactures gets their supply of cocoa from Australian agriculture itself. Due to high demands of cocoa, suppliers tend to charge high prices which remain stable throughout the year. Presence of Supplier Unions prevents any process of bargaining from taking place and chocolate manufactures across the country are served on similar rates. Donald B being a relatively smaller manufacturer catering to demands in Mel bourne experiences significant power threat from suppliers of cocoa. In case the Company decides on global business, then it has to ascertain a cost effective supplier from Africa, that manufactures large quantities of the product. In such cases as well the Company will face significant pressures due to established chocolate businesses around the world getting their raw materials from there. Therefore, it needs to sell at a price that covers its cost price for cocoa and cannot afford rates below that. Competition Analysis Donald B wants to expand its companys operations in national as well as international markets. The Company will have to encounter several competitive pressures from national as well as international companies. Chocolate manufacturing is a highly lucrative industry due to prevalence of wide range of customers. Moreover, chocolate manufacturers that operate on international scale operates on costs competitive basis with their suppliers being based in Africa, manufacturing plants based I n less developing countries and so on(Armstrong, 2014). Internationally Donald B has to compete with Cadbury, Mars, Ferrero Rocher, Toblerone, Godiva, Ghirardelli, Patchi and many more. While national competitors constitutes Crest Chocolates, Chocolate Gems manufacturers, Melbas Chocolates, Charleys Chocolate Factory, Haighs Chocolates, FMI Australia Pty Ltd, Chocolate Apple Factory and many more. This implies that competitive pressures are tremendous on the Company on national as well as on for interna tional basis. National level chocolate manufacturers have established their businesses since a prolonged time hence have supplier value chain and distribution relationships as well. National chocolate manufacturers sells products through multiple avenues, through their own stores, also through retail and convenience stores. The product being a low involvement one requires brand presence or presence of the product across multiple locations for high sales to take place. Donald B though has considered selling its chocolates through Coles, Woolworths and Aldi or other specialty stores have not been successful in doing so. Meaning the product presence or brand presence of the Company is significantly low and very few buyers are aware of the products. It implies that the Company in order to cater on national basis has to first make its products available across a wide range of stores and then assimilate consumer response to the product. Once it offers its products across national platform will it be abl e to successfully understand the competitive pressures and then design marketing strategies accordingly(Esch, 2008). It has to maintain a steady shipment or continuous supply of the product to gain brand prevalence in the market, while maintaining price competitiveness. In the international markets as well the Company will face tremendous competitive pressures and it has to cater to its products at cost effective rates. It also needs to establish a value chain of distribution by making tie-ups with large retailers to cater to larger segment of consumers. Macro-environment Analysis Macro-environmental factors are those forces that the countrys environment implies upon the Companys operations. Donald B is currently catering to Australian markets hence macro-environmental factor related to the Australia will apply on it. Australia has a stable political system. Bureaucratic intervention into businesses is minimum, where businesses are merely required to obtain trade license from Chambers of Commerce and pay their taxes in it. Being a political democracy, businesses receive tremendous impetus from the government to establish and flourish their businesses. Economic environment within Australia is also stable with stable currency rates(www.businessinsider.com, Retreived on 31st March 2018). Markets are stable in Australia and inflation rates are low. There is low rates of unemployment within the country. The Company will not face any negative influences from the economic factors in Australia. Socially, Australia comprises of a mixed population. High and robust popul ation with stable number of immigrants offer large number of consumers for an y products to businesses. Maximum part of the society is aged below 60 years of age meaning they have high propensity to spend. Technologically Australia is quite developed where companies can easily offer their products through ecommerce platforms. The Company can easily sell its products through ecommerce website or by making tie-up with other ecommerce portals. Cultural factors as make chocolate a well-liked product within the country. With growing young and robust segment of the population, most like consuming energy bars as a healthy snack or chocolates for meeting their empty calorie needs. Internationally however there is bound to be several impact from macro-environmental forces(Ferrell, 2012). The Company will need to comply with laws and regulations within the country that it operates and caters to. It has to obtain trade license, Food and regulation authority certification and any other certific ation as deemed appropriate. Moreover the Company has to comply with their political and cultural system prior to catering their products. Conclusion Analysing above macro-environmental and micro-environmental factors implies that the Company can easily expand its business operations nationally and internationally. It however has to comply to norms and regulation of the country and area of operations. Analysis of competitive forces and consumer behaviour will help the Company to cater to products in a well fashioned manner. Reference Lists Aaker, D. K. (2008). Marketing research. John Wiley Sons. Armstrong, G. A. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Australia. (Retrieved on 31st March 2018). Market Research Report. https://www.marketresearchreports.com/countries/australia. Esch, F. R. (2008). Marketing. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ferrell, O. C. (2012). Marketing strategy, text and cases. . Nelson Education. Hawkins, D. I. (2010). Consumer behavior. Implications for marketing strategy, 5. Magretta, J. (2013). Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. . Harvard business press. Solomon, M. R.-B. (2012). Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. www.businessinsider.com. (Retreived on 31st March 2018). Australian Interst Rates. https://www.businessinsider.com.au/why-australian-interest-rates-are-unlikely-to-return-to-pre-gfc-levels-2017-2.

What Happened to the Native Population After 1492 free essay sample

A â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic can be described as the introduction of several diseases into a population who has no knowledge or immunity against them. An example that comes to mind when thinking of this â€Å"virgin soil† concept is the devastating loses the Native Americans of South and Central America suffered after contact with European explorers. Unknowingly at the time, these explorers carried with them such diseases as small pox, malaria, measles, and yellow fever just to name a few. For the Native Americans, who have had no contact with these diseases are practically defenseless, which allowed it to spread so quickly. Without a strong enough immune system, these outbreaks killed hundreds of thousands if not millions of Native Americans, far worse than what weapons and starvation could accomplish. One example involves the legendary Native American woman named Pocahontas. She married English explorer/settler John Rolfe who returned with her to show that the natives of America could be tamed. We will write a custom essay sample on What Happened to the Native Population After 1492? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Within the first year of being in England, Pocahontas contracted a case of small pox and eventually died. As time passed on these â€Å"virgin soil† epidemics spread from South and Central America into the lands of what we know now as the Continental United States. The same diseases that crushed civilizations as the Incas and Mayans almost 200 years before decimated such Native American tribes as the Cherokee, Huron, and Iroquois. More than half of some tribe’s populations were reduced by these new plagues that killed with great speed and efficiency. Even today, new diseases are created or evolve into epidemics that modern technology and medicine cannot stop. As science allows us to repel common diseases, even completely cure them; new plagues are always a threat to the human race. Such diseases as Avian Flu, the Ebola Virus, and the biggest killer AIDS have claimed the lives of uncountable humans. They have not reached the death toll like the Bubonic Plague of the middle ages, which killed over one third of the human race at the time, but are showing no signs of slowing down. An example of how much a disease like AIDS has spread is the statistic of more than 25 percent of Africa’s entire population is infected with H. I. V. and/or AIDS. With facts as that, it is not hard to imagine the quick spread of a very contagious and extremely deadly â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic to appear in a community. The community response would probably happen in four parts. The first of the four parts is the warnings, followed by the second step or phase, which is blame. Parts three and four would be a great panic and finally how we would turn the tide. Each of the four parts will described individually to give the full sense of the human response to a â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic. Part one of the human response would be either local or federal government issuing warnings, informing the people that a new virus has be identified and begun to spread throughout the initial area. They would explain the symptoms, how it is contracted and what you should do if you or someone you know should become infected. Slowly but surely there would be more and more reports of the growing disease on the news and in newspapers. C. D. C. officials would issue an official statement declaring that they don’t know what this disease is, where it came from or what vaccines will work. Rumors would begin to grow throughout the community that this is out of control, it is spread to other regions of the world and of course there is no cure. Fear would begin to creep into the minds of every member of the community even if they have not seen the true effects of the disease. That fear will generate something far worse then what is actually the truth is and will mask how fast this epidemic is truly spreading. This new disease will become the talk on everyone’s mind and leads into the second step of the human response. Step two, as said earlier, is the blame by the government and the common people of the community. As the fear grew and grew about this uncontrollable disease, the first thing people would want to establish is who created it and how it got introduced here. Theories of chemical weapons or a scientific accident would come around as false claims. The claims would probably be first presented by the C. D. C. in hopes to unite the remaining people to donate money in hopes for finding a cure. With an identified common enemy, the government would have greater support in trying to contain this new plague. As time went on, and the disease continued to spread, stories and claims would begin to be exaggerated by fear. There would be so many â€Å"well I heard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  type stories that people would forget where the original blame was placed. With all these rumors, stories, and pointed fingers, the third step would set into motion. The great panic, some would call it, is an excellent description of the next step in the community’s response. With the death toll rising and no cure in sight, mass hysteria would grip the population. People would respond in different ways, some would board up their houses and lock themselves from the outside, infected world. Others would leave, simply pack up all the personal effects they could carry and drive off to a place that has not been touched by the disease. Enormous traffic jams would form, frightened people would begin to argue and fight, some abandoning their vehicles to escape the disease on foot. Rioters who are trying to stock up on essentials they may need for their trip or their home fortress would raid grocery stores and several other places. The government would then step in and quarantine the entire area in hopes to control the spread of this disease. Armed guards in body suits would prevent anyone leaving, closing roads, destroying bridges and even firing on people who did not back away from the perimeter. In this great panic the disease would spread to truly uncontrollable levels, people would escape the quarantine, carrying the disease to other places without really knowing it or simply in denial. Religious fanatics would begin claiming this is an act of God, this is his punishment for being sinful and that there is no point in trying to stop it. Hospitals would be pushed far beyond their limits, becoming breeding grounds even hives for the disease to grow and spread more. This mass panic would not last very long for several reasons and those reasons are the fourth step, turning the tide. With the several quarantined zones tearing themselves apart, the great panic would not last for very long. The government would have several options that they would choose from if a cure were not discovered. The number of people in the zones would begin to decrease as the infection spread and killed everyone it came into contact with. The military personnel would begin to tighten the quarantine zones as the population began to decrease. Scientists would be working around the clock in hopes of finding the cure for this disease, taking samples from both infected and non-infected. They would be given a deadline to find a cure and if that did not happen, then the military would exterminate the disease and everyone who carried it. The deaths of some will save the lives of others and hopefully destroy all traces of this unknown disease. The only known deposits of the disease would be in highly contained labs with full teams of doctors and scientists working to find a cure for this outbreak, in case it ever comes again. The reactions of a present day community would be different from the possible reactions of the native peoples of the sixteenth century New World. The natives would have most likely looked to their Gods for reasons of this punishment. There would not of been a great panic or organized quarantine, since they did not have the mass communications we have of today. The extent of their hysteria would have probably been mass prayer, sacrifices or fasting. They probably remained in their lands, hoping the disease would die off or not affect them but with that false hope, the numbers of dead became almost countless and forever ravaged these once great civilizations, leaving some extinct. While the disease spread, there was very little hope for finding a cure and all of their spiritual and medicinal attempts would fail against this â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic. The natives just remained as this wave of death swept away their society forever. In conclusion, the fears of â€Å"virgin soil† epidemics are as strong now as they were five hundred years ago. The idea that a powerful disease can cripple an entire community with ease is one that scares almost everyone. As technology continues to advance, scientists hope to discover, cure, and eradicated diseases before they get the chance to attack a population of people. Organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control are constantly working to erase all forms of disease from the world. Their goal is to not only defeat the existing diseases but develop a way to strength the human immune system to the point that we will be unaffected by any form of disease.

ATT Breakup essays

ATT Breakup essays Our book talks about managing strategy and strategic planning. I chose to write my paper on ATs recent breakup into four satellite companies. I intend to show how their past planning was not well-suited for their rapidly changing industry, and how they are now adjusting strategies and preparing for the uncertainties that the future holds. ATs and how well they are doing in the market. AT ...

Sniper on the Loose essays

Sniper on the Loose essays The article pertains to the current sniper attacks on innocent civilians along the I95 corridors. Another sniper-free weekend has passed, residents in greater Washington and its close suburbs braced for a week of locked schools under police guard and cautious rush-hour commutes. In a spite of network television appearances and at a news conference in Rockville yesterday, Police chief Charles A. Moose and other task force officials said tips continue to pour in about two cars possibly linked to the killings of eight people and the wounding of two others in Maryland, Virginia and Washington. Witnesses reported seeing a white, box-style truck speeding from the scene of at least one Maryland shooting. Virginia authorities remain on the lookout for a white minivan, possibly a Chevrolet Astro, seen heading toward I95 after the most recent shooting on Friday. Experts say whoever is responsible is likely suicidal, knowing their rampage could come to a violent end. Friday's shooting occurred as a uniformed Virginia State Police trooper investigated a minor accident in front of the Exxon station on U.S. 1. The events involve government showing how as the death toll climbs, more and more federal support come to aid in the forces of the individual states. The events have brought in the FBI and ATF, as well as the Virginia, Maryland, and Washington police. Also showing reference to government is that hunting of the man is causing many traffic stops by police to check white vans and search them. The right to search these vehicles is given due to the obvious substantial evidence and probable cause. As the forces gather and the search continues, who is this man or men? What is their motive? Is he a messed up policeman, ex-soldier or a military reject? A video-game dork, maybe modeling himself after the game? Or an international terrorist, acting on his own or perhaps distracting law enforcement? Only time and devoted men and women of th...

Managing Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Professional Development - Essay Example When my applications work out in my favor, then I become grateful for my learning and am encouraged to learn some more. With learning should come reflection. According to Osterman (1990), â€Å"reflection is the essential part of the learning process because it results in making sense of or extracting meaning from the experience†. One should not just go through life as if everything comes as second nature. We need to think critically if what we are doing is truly meaningful and relevant or if we are just wasting our time on something insignificant. I constantly seek knowledge through work activities, workshops, lectures, various experiences, mentoring and training. Making sense of problems and searching for patterns to figure out solutions are completed by reviewing feedback I gather not only from research but from people around me. When I am deep in thought, I reflect on the tools I have – my ideas, opinions, experiences – everything from my own perspective, and try to identify the thinking processes I engaged in. If I allow myself to be analytical, I would put my personal perspectives on an objective frame of mind and critique it, rotate the ideas in my head inside-out to see if there are strong possibilities for solutions. I might even find new information there, when some old ideas are merged. I try to also become an instrument of learning for others when I share my experiences with them. I cannot see myself teaching them, as I know I have still a lot to learn, however when I share my experiences, I know they learn from me too. Now that I had to live independently away from the accessible guidance and support of my parents, I learned to... The purpose of this essay was to provide the reader with the opinions of the researcher on the topic of self-management and professional development. Undergoing the assignments for this course have been very enlightening for the researcher. The researcher can conclude that the exercises that were done have been essential in his journey in personal and professional development. The four-stage cycle of self- assessment, planning, doing and reviewing that was discussed in the essay is an effective way to truly stop and reflect on where one is at, where he is going and what he should do to get there. The researcher also states that he has learned many things about himself while doing several assignments of the course. Some of which the researcher had already knew, but needed to hear it from an objective source. It was summed up that the researcher knows how to extent his self-awareness now and states that the most amazing isue is that there is still more to discover about himself. The re searcher then mentiones that after completeing the course of self-development, he is going to continue growing and learning. To conclude, the essay expresses the opinion that the experiences and people that the researcher encounter all contribute to his journey and it is really up to him to see them as opportunities or threats. The researcher chooses to be more positive and embrace new learning that he can derive from such people and experiences as well as his own efforts to improve himself in all areas of his development.

Volumes Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Volumes - Lab Report Example Additionally, the data on the height and the diameter of the bullet shaped object was collected and tabulated. In the second experiment, the data on the sphere’s mass was collected as mass 1 to mass 5. The fourth experimental that was needed in the experiment was the diameter for the five spheres which were taken as diameter 1 to diameter 6 We took the density of the clay as Mass per Unit of Volume. The formula that was used in calculating this was with an SI unit of . In the experiment, the propagation of errors was calculated from the approach of partial derivatives. The formula for this was The standard errors for the experiment were demonstrated by . The standard error was obtained through the computation of standard deviation from the various measurement. We later calculated the standard deviation with the help of a graphical analysis program. The standard deviation was denoted as N is taken to mean the measurement’s number of x. x and y are taken to represent their mean values. The uncertainties in the end outcome were reported with one significant number. It was assumed that the final average value is equated to the number of decimal points found in the uncertainty. The equipment that were used in the experiment include; a plastic bag, hollow cylinder, bullet shaped object, Vernier’s calipers, balance, and a set of masses. In the first experiment we determined the volumes and the standard error for the hollow cylinder, bullet shaped object, and the triangle prism (Price, 889). The following equation was used to calculate the volume of the hollow cylinder The Vernier calipers was used to measure the pertinent dimension of the object. The dimension of the Vernier was 0.05mm. The five measurement of the provided object was measured. After taking the five measurement, the mean values for the dimensions were also determined. The standard deviations for the dimensions for the hollow cylinders was then determined. The

Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Essay Example for Free

Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Essay The Teaching Role and Responsibilities In Education And Training The role of ‘teacher’ is an infinitely varied one, but there certain principles which underpin all aspects of the teaching role. Whether we are attempting to teach from personally acquired experience or knowledge, or from third party information, the process of teaching can be formalized into a structured process with the aim of maximizing the potential for learning. Numerous models exist with the aim of outlining the key stages of this process. For example, Gravells (2010) identifies them as such: Identification of Need →Planning and Design→Delivery/Facilitation→Assessment→Evaluation In order to undertake each of these stages successfully, the role of the teacher becomes multi-faceted. For example, conducting initial interviews with students helps to establish individual aims and identify particular learning styles such as those recognised by Honey Mumford (1992). This should enable to the teacher to tailor their teaching style and utilize a variety of methods, while also providing an opportunity to set clear goals which can be used as a benchmark when reviewing students’ progress. Accurate documentation of this is essential and forms part of the teachers’ responsibility. Furthermore, whilst undertaking these roles as a teacher, it is vitally important to consider the parameters in which we must operate. These are most likely to be defined by legal requirement – for example the Equality Act (2010) or the policies or the organization for which we may be working. Ultimately, it is down to the individual teacher to ensure their own professional conduct at all times. References: Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 25/11/2014. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Honey P., Mumford A. (1992) ‘The Manual of Learning Styles’ 3rd Ed. Maidenhead, Peter Honey. Summarise Key Aspects Of Legislation, Regulatory Requirements And Codes Of Practice Relating To Own Role And Responsibilities There are many aspects to consider when discussing the conduct of a teacher and the requirements therein. Some of these are legal frameworks, others are more informal but equally important in terms of setting out guidelines for good practice. All of these requirements, when adhered to, help to ensure that as teachers, we are providing a safe, secure and successful learning environment. As students, they provide reassurance that care will be taken to promote inclusivity, maintain trust and ensure wellbeing. Some Codes of Practice will be designed to suit individual environments and will vary accordingly. Therefore care should be taken to ensure we are familiar with the particular requirements of the company or institution in which we are operating. Other codes are overarching and apply in all circumstances. One of the more recent of these is the ‘Statutory Special Educational Needs and Disability System for Children And Young People’ (SEND) which came into force on 1 September 2014 and explains the duties of schools and colleges to provide adjustments and aids for disabled children and young people up to 25. Legal acts which are underpinned by law are further reaching but equally apply. These include things such as the long standing 1974 Health and Safety  and Work Act, which ensures the â€Å"health, safety and welfare of persons at work† as well as â€Å"protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work†. However, in the constantly shifting legal landscape, we should be mindful of new legislation coming into force. Finally, there are, of course, directives issued by professional bodies such the Institute for Learning which has a Code of Professional Practice (2008) covering 7 key areas: Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure Responsibility References: Department for Education (2014). ‘SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years’. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25 Accessed 29/11/2014 Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Explain Why It Is Important To Identify And Meet Individual Learner Needs As we have established previously, the first step in the (Gravells, 2010). Teaching and Learning Cycle is ‘Identifying need’. Without properly ascertaining this, the further steps in the cycle become more difficult to achieve and the chance for success is significantly diminished. Furthermore, informing learners of objectives creates a level of expectation for learning (Gagne, 1965). In order to avoid this outcome and the negative implications of failing to succeed, we must have a clear approach. Prior to the start of any learning activity, there will, by necessity be a  process which ostensibly is an administrative exercise. However, these interactions provide an excellent opportunity to engage with students in a way which could provide useful information. For example, noting that a student may have difficulty with grammar or spelling when completing a written questionnaire may indicate a greater need for support with literacy. Or, a student struggling to get to grips with viewing digital information such as a Powerpoint or PDF file could highlight a lack of I.T skill. It is important that we use all of these tools at our disposal, as acknowledging a perceived ‘flaw’ in ourselves is not always an easy thing to do. Students may be unwilling because of stigma or embarrassment or simply through an inability to recognize that a problem exists, which is an issue in roughly 30% of adults (Skills for Life Survey, 2011). However, individual needs may not be only be based on academic ability or skillset, there are a multitude of different needs which may exist and it is important to consider a holistic approach. Some students may have no difficulty with course content but may be distracted by other personal problems which affect their ability to learn. These could include financial difficulty, bereavement or an underlying health issue. Ultimately, the importance of identifying and meeting learners’ needs is about providing the best possibility for successful learning through providing support where it is most needed. References: Gagnà ©, R. M. (1965). ‘The conditions of learning and theory of instruction’ (1st ed.) Holt, Rinehart Winston: New York. Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Skills for Life Survey (2011). Department for Business, Innovation Skills. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2011-skills-for-life-survey Accessed 1/12/14. Explain Ways To Maintain a Safe And Supportive Learning Environment As part of providing students with the best opportunity for success, it is crucial that the learning environment is both safe and supportive. These aspects are intertwined in that their aim is to create an environment where consideration for all matters other than the subject itself can be put aside to concentrate on learning. When operating in any environment, safety is the first issue. A risk assessment should be carried out prior to beginning any teaching session to establish whether hazards exist, and if so what extent they pose a risk (Trades Union Congress, 2008). These factors should also be assessed dynamically and any new or developing threat should be treated as a priority. When working in an environment such as a client office or business premises, safety considerations should include awareness of the existing plan of evacuation in case of fire. Any issues which are identified (such as blocked exits etc) should be bought up with the client in a professional manner. Support for learners may be provided in several ways. On a personal level, it is ensuring inclusivity for all students, treating each individual with respect and tolerance, as well as providing individually tailored help to match the needs identified in the first stage of the Teaching and Learning Cycle (Gravells, 2008). However, support is also provided through recognizing the need to give adequate breaks and availability of resources required to undertake the learning process properly. It is vital that consideration is given to these factors in the planning stage so that support may be implemented pro-actively rather than reactively. References: Trades Union Congress (2008) ‘Risk Assessment’. Precision Printing: London. Available online at: http://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/extras/riskassessment.pdf Accessed 1/12/14 Gravells, A (2010) ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’. 3rd Ed. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Explain Why It Is Important To Promote Appropriate Behaviour and Respect For Others The importance of appropriate behavior is paramount as it will set the correct tone for a learning environment. Fundamentally, it is about the rights of learners to have access to, attend, and participate in their chosen learning experience regardless of their circumstances. (Equality Act, 2010) The best way to promote this is to set the example as the teacher (School of Educators, 2011). This can be achieved in a variety of ways. Ensuring that the planning of any session has been properly executed will help to demonstrate basic values such as organization, efficiency and punctuality and when delivering a session, using appropriate tone and language will exhibit the kinds of behaviour which we want to see reflected in students. It is also important that we are focused on the task at hand and are not distracted by outside influences. Something as simple as switching off a mobile phone could make all the difference. In that regard, requesting students to put their phones into ‘silent’ mode is something which could help to avoid them becoming distracted but also establishes a basic ground rule while not necessarily conveying the same message as ‘please all turn your phones off’. Where undesirable behaviour occurs, it is important to consider whether addressing it may in fact be more of a disruption than the behaviour itself, however, where it needs to be addressed, this should be done so quickly and professionally. However, it is important to note that students, like teachers should incorporate humour into learning. Using humour in the classroom shows that you are human and consequently encourages students to like and respect you. Being able to laugh at yourself when you make a mistake offers a good counterbalance to the moment when you must be strict and so helps lighten the classroom atmosphere (Cowley, 2007) Treating students as individuals but with equal respect will help to promote the same response from them. Therefore, care should be taken to listen to, appreciate and encourage individual contributions, this is especially true in the case of adult learners who bring their own experiences to the learning setting. References: Cowley, S. (2007) ‘Guerilla Guide to Teaching: The Definitive Resource for New Teachers’ (2nd Ed.) Continuum: London. Equality Act (2010). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents Accessed 04/12/2014. School of Educators (2011). ‘The Characteristics of a Good Teacher’. Available online at: http://schoolofeducators.com/2011/05/the-characteristics-of-a-good-teacher/ Accessed 4/12/14. Explain How the Teaching Role Involves Working with Other Professionals As a teacher, there will always be a requirement to liaise and work with other professionals, and this is likely to occur in a number of ways. When employed in a teaching role, we act as a representative of the organization which employs us, and we have a responsibility to represent that organization in a professional manner. Equally, when dealing with internal colleagues, whether a manager or a colleague at the same level of seniority, we are dutybound to treat others with respect, politeness and courtesy. Values which all form part of the Institute for Learning ‘Code of Practice’ (2008). Remembering that we have a responsibility to act according to these guidelines can be especially important when faced with other professionals who may be challenging or difficult in their approach. For example, in a  client situation, a Manager who is under pressure is annoyed because some of his staff are being abstracted from their usual duties to undertake training. In this situation, it is feasible that a degree of hostility may be directed toward the trainer. In acknowledging the managers concerns and highlighting the benefit of the training both to the staff and the manager, we may be able to defuse the situation rather than escalate it. Of course, students themselves can be professionals and care must be taken to acknowledge the professional standing of adult learners so that we do not condescend or patronize. However, we also have a responsibility to care for our students and where it is highlighted that a student may have a need or issue which requires third party support, we may need to act as an advocate or intervene to flag potential issues. Legislation such as The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) make it potentially necessary to liaise with other professional agencies and, depending on the nature of the matter, it may be appropriate to use care or discretion. In all cases, it is appropriate that we remain professional and impartial. References: Institute for Learning (2008). ‘Code of Practice’ Available at: https://www.ifl.ac.uk/membership/ifl-code-of-professional-practice/view-the-code-of-professional-practice/ Accessed 1/12/2014 Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006). London: HMSO. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/section/6 Accessed 4/12/14 Explain the Boundaries Between the Teaching Role and Other Professional Roles In dealing with other professional roles, there must come a point at which the boundaries of our own role are recognized to avoid us ‘overstepping the line’. This can apply on either a professional or personal level and works in two ways: our behaviour toward others and their behaviour towards us. The key basis upon which these boundaries must be drawn are ethics. Ethics can be described as ‘The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized in a particular profession, sphere of activity, relationship, or other context or aspect of human life’ (Oxford English Dictionary, 2014) In particular, the teaching profession is deeply implicated in ethical concerns and considerations. (Carr, D. 2000.) Therefore, it is an issue which should be constantly at the forefront of our thinking as teachers and an awareness of ethics helps to define the boundaries between us and other professional roles. Some boundaries are not so much an issue of ethics, however, but more of practicality and there must be limits placed on what we can reasonably be expected to achieve. This could, for example, include something such as a client wishing us to condense a lesson into a shorter time to reduce the impact on their business. Whilst the motivation for this may be understandable, it could also be perceived to undermine the value of the lesson itself, or at the very least will have an effect on the quality of the teaching. Recognising this kind of boundary enables us to ensure the integrity of our aims as teachers. Oxford English Dictionary (2014) Available online at: http://www.oed.com/ Accessed 4/12/14. Carr, D. (2000). ‘Professionalism and ethics in teaching’.London: Routledge Describe Points of Referral To Meet The Individual Needs Of Learners The teacher/student relationship is a unique one and often provides opportunities to unearth or identify needs which have previously been unnoticed. These needs may be specific to helping someone become a more effective learner, (such as possible dyslexia) or could be a wider issue in terms of being affecting the individual students’ life beyond the classroom. These wider-reaching needs could be in any area of a persons’ life and broadly speaking, fall into one of 5 categories as identified by Maslow (1943): Our role in providing support to help a student meet the identified need will depend on the particular need itself. For example, a student who is  apparently lacking in one of the ‘upper needs’ such as self-esteem may benefit from more support, praise and encouragement. Some needs, however, will require external or third party input and this is where we may seek to access a point of referral. It may become clear to us in the process of teaching that a student is suffering a crisis affecting their overall wellbeing: Domestic abuse, homelessness, drug or alcohol misuse etc. In this instance, we can play an important role in referring someone to a service or organization who can provide assistance. So as to be sure that we are not misguided, the student themselves should be engaged initially and when help is offered, it can be simply through providing information, or if consent is given, we may choose to act as an advocate. Maslow, A.H (1943). ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’. Psychological Review (50)p.370-396.

Sonnys Blues Essay :: Free Essays

Sonny’s Blues By James Baldwin Sonny’s Blues the author is presenting the past from the perspective of the present in order to understand his own feelings concerning the role of a father. The two brothers in the story had different life choices. Both Sonny and the narrator have found their own mode of escaping the violence and harshness of the ghetto, different though those modes might be. After the death of the mother the narrator feels he is his brother’s keeper, because of the promise he made to the mother. He is not exactly happy about it and especially Sonny’s life style. Nevertheless, this is his only brother and he made a promise not to turn his back on him. Sonny was more like his uncle a music lover. Before the mother died she told him about his father and the pain he went through after the death of his brother. His father’s brother was a music lover and somewhat like Sonny. So, by telling this story it would help the narrator to understan d Sonny. Now he knows a little about his family background and roots. At the end the narrator was finally able to see and understand what music did for Sonny; it allow him to be himself and express himself to other. Explore the implications of the allusion to the Book of Isaiah 51:17-23 in the concluding sentence. What has the narrator learned as the result of his experience? All of the desolation, destruction, famine, sword things that we (the narrator) go through in this life, are learned through other who have shared these same experiences. Our oppressor (Satan spiritually, mankind physically) causes a trembling in our lives; but just like Jerusalem, who was and still is oppressed; God has already taken our â€Å"cup of trembling†. We are delivered through the sharing of our experiences with one another, freeing ourselves from one who causes the trembling.

Genetics 301 Sample Final Examination

Genetics 301 Sample Final Examination Spring 2003 50 Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the best answer) 1. A cross between two true breeding lines one with dark blue flowers and one with bright white flowers produces F1 offspring that are light blue. When the F1 progeny are selfed a 1:2:1 ratio of dark blue to light blue to white flowers is observed. What genetic phenomenon is consistent with these results? a. epistasis b. incomplete dominance c. codominance d. inbreeding depression e. random mating 2. Mutations which occur in body cells which do not go on to form gametes can be classified as: a. auxotrophic mutations b. somatic mutations c. morphological mutations d. oncogenes e. temperature sensitive mutations 3. What would be the frequency of AABBCC individuals from a mating of two AaBbCc individuals? a.. 1/64 b. 1/32 c. 1/16 d. 1/8 e. 3/16 f. 1/4 4. The stage of meiosis in which chromosomes pair and cross over is: a. prophase I b. metaphase I c. prophase II d. metaphase II e. anaphase II2 5. Polyploidy refers to: a. extra copies of a gene adjacent to each other on a chromosome b. an individual with complete extra sets of chromosomes c. a chromosome which has replicated but not divided d. multiple ribosomes present on a single mRNA e. an inversion which does not include the centromere 6. A gene showing codominance- a. has both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote b. has one allele dominant to the other c. has alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome d. has alleles expressed at the same time in development e. has alleles that are recessive to each other 7. The phenomenon of â€Å"independent assortment† refers to: a. expression at the same stage of development b. unlinked transmission of genes in crosses resulting from being located on different chromsomes, or far apart on the same chromosome. c. association of an RNA and a protein implying related function d. independent location of genes from each other in an interphase cell e. association of a protein and a DNA sequence implying related function 8. Mendel's law of segregation, as applied to the behavior of chromosomes in meiosis, means that: a. pairing of homologs will convert one allele into the other, leading to separation of the types. b. alleles of a gene separate from each other when homologs separate in meiosis I, or in meiosis II if there is a single crossover between the gene and the centromere. c. genes on the same chromosome will show 50% recombination d. alleles of a gene will be linked and passed on together through meiosis 9. Which component of transcribed RNA in eukaryotes is present in the initial transcript but is removed before translation occurs: a. Intron b. 3†² Poly A tail c. Ribosome binding site d. 5†² cap e. codons coding for the protein to be produced3 10. Choose the correct statement about the genetic code. a. includes 61 codons for amino acids and 3 stop codons b. almost universal; exactly the same in most genetic systems c. three bases per codon d. some amino acids are coded by multiple codons e. all of the above 11. X-chromosome inactivation a. normally takes place in males but not females b. is the cause of the Y chromosome being genetically inactive c. takes place in humans so that the same X chromosome is inactive in all of the cells of a female d. occurs in fruit flies but not in mammals e. results in genetically turning off one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals 12. DNA ligase is: a. an enzyme that joins fragments in normal DNA replication b. an enzyme involved in protein synthesis c. an enzyme of bacterial origin which cuts DNA at defined base sequences d. an enzyme that facilitates transcription of specific genes e. an enzyme which limits the level to which a particular nutrient reaches 13. An Hfr strain of E. coli contains: a. a vector of yeast or bacterial origin which is used to make many copies of a particular DNA sequence b. a bacterial chromosome with a human gene inserted c. a bacterial chromosome with the F factor inserted d. a human chromosome with a transposable element inserted e. a bacterial chromosome with a phage inserted4 14. An experiment was conducted in E. coli to map the following genes (pro, his, bio, met, phe and trp) on a circular map using 3 different Hfr strains. Strain 1 Order of transfer (early to late): trp met his pro Strain 2 Order of transfer (early to late): his met trp bio Strain 3 Order of transfer (early to late): pro phe bio trp Based on the results what is the most likely map? a. b. c. d. 15. Generation of antibody diversity in vertebrate animals takes place through: a. the presence of as many genes in the germ line as there are types of antibodies possible. b. infection with bacteria carrying antibody genes c. infection with viruses carrying antibody genes d. polyploidy in antibody-forming cells e. rearrangement of DNA in tissues that go on to produce antibodies 16. Replication of DNA: a. takes place in a â€Å"conservative† manner b. takes place in a â€Å"dispersive† manner c. takes place in a â€Å"semi-conservative† manner d. usually involves one origin of replication per chromosome in eukaryotes e. takes place only in the 3†² to 5†² direction trp pro his phe met bio trp pro bio met phe his phe met bio pro trp his trp pro met bio phe his5 17. A duplication is: a. an exchange between non-homologous chromosomes, resulting in chromosomes with new genes adjacent to each other. b. loss of genes in part of a chromosome c. an extra copy of the genes on part of a chromosome d. a reversal of order of genes on a chromosome e. an extra set of chromosomes in an organism 18. What is the co-transduction frequency for the A and B genes, from the following dataset? (Assume that there has been selection for the A+ form of the A gene). Genotype Number A+B+ C+ 10 A+B+ C- 30 A+ B- C+ 20 A+ B- C- 40 a. .10 b. .20 c. .30 d. .40 e. .50 19. A mutation in a codon leads to the substitution of one amino acid with another. What is the name for this type of mutation? a. nonsense mutation b. missense mutation c. frameshift mutation d. promoter muttion e. operator mutation 20. Mapping of human chromosomes: a. has been restricted to the sex chromosomes because of small family sizes b. proceeded much more successfully as large numbers of DNA markers became available. c. has determined that the number of linkage groups is about twice the number of chromosomes d. has demonstrated that almost all of the DNA is involved in coding for genes e. has shown that there are more genes on the Y than on the X chromosome6

Conformity vs. Rebellion (Bartleby the Scrivener) Essay

Conformity and rebellion are evil twins that humanity has been nourishing since the beginning of civilization. As we conform to the social norms that surround us everyday, we are trapped inside of this overwhelming system where we easily lose ourselves as individuals. On the other hand, the urges of rebellion that live in our ego compel us to break from the state of our bondages. Yet, our superegos are trying to keep us in a reasonable threshold, and enable us to stay in the system. As a result, people are fighting a constant internal battle of conformity versus rebellion. As Herman Melville describes in his story â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener,† humanity is hopelessly struggling between conformity and rebellion. He presents us with images of entrapment and death to address his concerns for the issues of conformity and rebellion. The images of entrapment are evident throughout the story. From the â€Å"lofty brick wall† outside of the office window to the sound-dividing prison walls which Bartleby died within, the narrator traps the readers in his dark replica of reality. Looking out the office windows, â€Å"the light came down from far above, between two lofty buildings, as from a very small opening in a dome.† The physical confinement of their dark and depressed office space is apparent through the images of the dim lighting and restricted view. For Bartleby, the confinement is no longer physical but psychological. â€Å"From his long-continued motionlessness, that behind his screen he must be standing in one of those dead-wall reveries of his.† This unusual behavior is a common act of such character. It is not the act of boredom but desperation and hopelessness that disintegrates from within and disables him from engaging in any productive activates. As the narrator takes the readers to the final resting place of Bartleby, he portrays the ultimate human confinement, the prison. The extreme thickness of the prison walls â€Å"kept off all sound behind them.† The images of entrapment are clear, that the inescapable prison walls trap any living souls inside of their boundaries. However, to Bartleby it is just another empty place, for his soul has already died long ago. The walls only keep off the outside world from him rather than restricting the already seized motions of Bartleby’s. It is the place where Bartleby chooses to escape from all, and rest for an eternity â€Å"with kings and counselors.† Images of death come as a natural companion of entrapment. The character of Bartleby appears ghostly and lifeless. He is â€Å"a motionless young man,† who works quietly like a machine in his dark and confined space. Unlike the way the narrator describes the other three employees of his, Bartleby has no anger, no ambition, and almost nothing human about him at all. The â€Å"idly cadaverous† response, â€Å"I would prefer not to† from Bartleby, implies that this man’s spirit has died long before his physical death. There is nothing in this world excites him or motivates him, leaving him only dreaded depression. This emotional emptiness must drive Bartleby to insanity, to the extent that he gives up all life burdens including basic biological functions such as eating and sleeping. Later in the story, Bartleby is sent to the â€Å"Tombs,† because of the uncooperative nature of this man. The name of the jail â€Å"Tombs† carries a symbolic meaning of death. In the narrator’s description of the interior of the jail: â€Å"the Egyptian character of the masonry weighed upon me with its gloom,† he reinforces the indestructible and inevitable power of death with these chilling images. The images of entrapment and death are excellent representations of to the concept of conformity and rebellion, whereas Bartleby lives with the entrapment of his unfulfilling life, and finally chooses death as his ultimate rebellion. The narrator, Herman Melville, constructs the abstract character, Bartleby, to extract and speak for his desperation and hopelessness feeling towards the fate of humanity as a whole. Quite like the dilemma Melville brought to our attention a half century ago, societies today are still struggling with issues of conformity and rebellion. We are so driven by the â€Å"errands of life,† and rarely stop and think about the reasons of our very existence. As the train of life speeds us to the final destination, we realize that we have traveled the exact same track as everyone else did.

Regional Geography Overview

Regional Geography Overview Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies the worlds regions. A region itself is defined as a part of the Earths surface with one or many similar characteristics that make it unique from other areas. Regional geography studies the specific unique characteristics of places related to their culture, economy, topography, climate, politics and environmental factors such as their different species of flora and fauna. Also, regional geography also studies the specific boundaries between places. Often these are called transition zones which represent the start and end of a specific region and can be large or small. For example, the transition zone between Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa is rather large because there is mixing between the two regions. Regional geographers study this zone as well as the distinct characteristics of Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa. History and Development of Regional Geography Although people had been studying specific regions for decades, regional geography as a branch in geography has its roots in Europe, specifically with the French and geographer Paul Vidal de la Blanche. In the late 19th century, de la Blanche developed his ideas of the milieu, pays, and possibilisme (or possibilism). The milieu was the natural environment and pays was the country or local region. Possibilism was the theory that said the environment sets constraints and limitations on humans but human actions in response to these constraints are what develops a culture and in this case aids in defining a region. Possibilism later led to the development of environmental determinism which says the environment (and thus physical regions) is solely responsible for the  development of human culture and societal development. Regional geography began to develop in the United States specifically and parts of Europe in the period between World Wars I and II. During this time, geography was criticized for its descriptive nature with environmental determinism and lack of a specific focus. As a result, geographers were seeking ways to keep geography as a credible university-level subject. In the 1920s and 1930s, geography became a regional science concerned with why certain places are similar and/or different and what enables people to separate one region from another. This practice became known as areal differentiation. In the U.S., Carl Sauer and his Berkeley School of geographic thought led to the development of regional geography, especially on the west coast. During this time, regional geography was also led by Richard Hartshorne who studied German regional geography in the 1930s with famous geographers such as Alfred Hettner and Fred Schaefer. Hartshorne defined geography as a science To provide accurate, orderly, and rational description and interpretation of the variable character of the earth surface. For a short time during and after WWII, regional geography was a popular field of study within the discipline. However, it was later critiqued for its specific regional knowledge and it was claimed to have been too descriptive and not quantitative enough. Regional Geography Today Since the 1980s, regional geography has seen a resurgence as a branch of geography in many universities. Because geographers today often study a wide variety of topics, it is helpful to break the world down into regions to make information easier to process and display. This can be done by geographers who claim to be regional geographers and are experts on one or many places across the world, or by physical, cultural, urban, and biogeographers who have a lot of information to process about given topics. Often, many universities today offer specific regional geography courses which give an overview of the broad topic and others may offer courses related to specific world regions such as Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, or smaller scale such as The Geography of California. In each of these region-specific courses, topics often covered are the physical and climatic attributes of the region as well as the cultural, economic and political characteristics found there. Also, some universities today offer specific degrees in regional geography, which normally consists of general knowledge of the worlds regions. A degree in regional geography is useful for those who want to teach but is also valuable in todays business world that is focused on overseas and long distance communications and networking.

Prehistoric Life During the Ordovician Period

Prehistoric Life During the Ordovician Period One of the lesser-known geologic spans in the earths history, the Ordovician period (448-443 million years ago) didnt witness the same extreme burst of evolutionary activity that characterized the preceding Cambrian period; rather, this was the time when the earliest arthropods and vertebrates expanded their presence in the worlds oceans. The Ordovician is the second period of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded by the Cambrian and succeeded by the Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods. Climate and geography. For most of the Ordovician period, global conditions were as stifling as during the preceding Cambrian; air temperatures averaged about 120 degrees Fahrenheit worldwide, and sea temperatures may have reached as high as 110 degrees at the equator. By the end of the Ordovician, however, the climate was much cooler, as an ice cap formed on the south pole and glaciers covered adjacent landmasses. Plate tectonics carried the earths continents to some strange places; for example, much of what would later become Australia and Antarctica protruded into the northern hemisphere! Biologically, these early continents were important only insofar as their coastlines provided sheltered habitats for shallow-water marine organisms; no life of any kind had yet conquered land. Marine Life During the Ordovician Period Invertebrates. Few non-experts have heard of it, but the Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event (also known as the Ordovician Radiation) was second only to the Cambrian Explosion in its importance to the early history of life on earth. Over the course of 25 or so million years, the number of marine genera around the world quadrupled, including new varieties of sponges, trilobites, arthropods, brachiopods, and echinoderms (early starfish). One theory is that the formation and migration of new continents encouraged biodiversity along their shallow coastlines, although climatic conditions also likely came into play. On the other side of the evolutionary coin, the end of the Ordovician period marked the first great mass extinction in the history of life on earth (or, one should say, the first for which we have ample fossil evidence; there were certainly periodic extinctions of bacteria and single-celled life during the preceding Proterozoic Era). Plunging global temperatures, accompanied by drastically lowered sea levels, wiped out a huge number of genera, although marine life as a whole recovered fairly rapidly by the start of the ensuing Silurian period. Vertebrates. Practically all you need to know about vertebrate life during the Ordovician period is contained in the aspises, especially Arandaspis and Astraspis. These were two of the first jawless, lightly armored prehistoric fish, measuring anywhere from six to 12 inches long and vaguely reminiscent of giant tadpoles. The bony plates of Arandaspis and its ilk would evolve in later periods into the accoutrements of modern fish, further reinforcing the basic vertebrate body plan. Some paleontologists also believe that the numerous, tiny, worm-like conodonts found in Ordovician sediments count as true vertebrates; if so, these may have been the first vertebrates on earth to evolve teeth. Plant Life During the Ordovician Period As with the preceding Cambrian, evidence for terrestrial plant life during the Ordovocian period is maddeningly elusive. If land plants did exist, they consisted of microscopic green algae floating on or just underneath the surface of ponds and streams, along with equally microscopic early fungi. However, it wasnt until the ensuing Silurian period that the first terrestrial plants appeared for which we have solid fossil evidence.

IKEAs business model and sources of competitive advantage Essay

IKEAs business model and sources of competitive advantage - Essay Example What is best about IKEA’s furniture is that although it is cheap, yet it is stylish and durable. IKEA’s business model is based on maintaining low cost structure so that it can continue to deliver its promise of low price and good quality lifestyle to its customers. IKEA has very carefully managed to keep its cost structure low by practicing a few strategies. For instance, it has chosen suppliers from different parts of the world and maintained strong and long term relationship with them by offering them office facilities and technologies to carry out their business smoothly. IKEA focuses on efficiency though long production runs so as to entice investors and bring down the cost structure. The raw material needed for the manufacturing of furniture is chosen carefully without any interference of third party; expensive wood is replaced by less expensive and good quality raw material. To further reduce its cost structure, IKEA’s furniture arrives at the stores in disassembled parts in flat packaging along with instruction manuals; this not only lowers the transportation costs but offers ease of handling to the customers. Unlike other stores in the category, IKEA’s stores are located in the outskirts and only few are owned by the company. Franchising is a good option for lowering the cost structure and IKEA has taken it up religiously. Moreover, IKEA ensures that it does not rely on one supplier for the manufacture of a single product. Take an example, for an IKEA chair, the seat is supplied by a manufacturer who is in one corner of the world, legs come from a supplier from another corner and nuts and screws are supplied from totally different regions. IKEA’s furniture designs are basically Scandinavian with little or no modifications. These designs are considered outclass and accepted widely in non Scandinavian countries equally. However in some regions the customers’ exhibit displeasure towards Scandinavian designs because the items do not fulfill their cultural and personal needs. Apart from all the good steps taken by IKEA to maintain cost leadership, there is still room for weaknesses which must be addressed to as to strengthen the brand image. Although IKEA has expanded its operations in major territories of the world for earning more revenues but it has failed to understand is that every country has different culture, demand, taste and most of all, legislations which it has to abide by. Since these factors vary from country to country, it has come to IKEA as a big challenge to meet the customer and co untry’s requirements while maintaining cost leadership. Because IKEA promises low priced furniture to its customers, innovation is not seen much because bringing in new designs can disturb the cost structure. Sometimes IKEA fails to understand that one size fits all cannot hold in the line of furniture. Scandinavian designs might be appealing to countries in the Europe and nearby but cannot please the Americans in the same manner. The stores of IKEA are located outside the cities as per the low cost strategy. This causes the customers to travel long distances so they prefer to make purchases from nearby stores. We have learned from the given case study that IKEA has chosen cost leadership to be its core aim and strategy but only this one factor is not enough for its survival. It has to have more points of differentiation because when other competitors in the industry bring their prices down and offer quality and superior customer service, then chances are likely that customer loyalty and brand image of IKEA will drop

Spain Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spain Economy - Essay Example The ERM is essentially a managed float exchange rate regime where the currencies of the participating countries are allowed to float at a specific band. Most of the currencies of participating countries are allowed with a fluctuation band of 2.25% against a central rate while the Portuguese escudo and the Spanish peseta were allowed a broader band of 6%. Constant intervention of the participating countries' central banks became prevalent to control exchange rate. As the German mark is the most stable currency of the group, it became the yardstick or the central rate with which all the other currencies are measured. The mark has become the unofficial reserve currency, meaning that if Spain was intervening to buy pesetas it would be selling marks in exchange for pesetas (Weerapana, 2004). The reunification of East and West Germany commenced the collapse of the ERM in 1992. It is important to note that the reunification necessitated the transfers of huge amounts from the large rich economy of the West Germany to the smaller, poorer East. These huge transfers which accounts for 50% of the West Germany's savings created a budget deficit which reached 13.2% from the original 5%. As the German government is becoming nervous on the prospects of high inflation, it started pursuing contractionary monetary policy. However, the combination of the expansionary fiscal policy (transfers to East Germany) and contractionary monetary policy yield to a surge in German interest rate (Weerapana, 2004). As inflation raged through Germany, the world interest also rose. Due to these, there was an outflow of money from European countries thereby causing the devaluation of ERM currencies like peseta.... The regime of General Franco left an essentially fascist economy to Spain which is characterized by lack of economic freedom. The economy is dominated by large public institutions controlling all sectors and monopoly was prevalent. However, the accession of the country in the European Union during 1986 necessitated Spain to â€Å"open its economy, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines.† These huge developments in the country’s policies and structure irrefutable introduced changes in its economy. The immediate years following the country’s ascent to the EU marked Spain’s economic boom. It should be noted that from 1986-1990, Spain saw substantial mount in Gross Domestic Product, reduced the ratio of public debt to GDP, decreased unemployment from 23% to 10%, and curb inflation to under 3%. By the end of 1990, GDP reached more than 50 trillion pesetas while the annual per capita income amounted to 1.1 million pesetas. However, this economic boom was followed by a recession in the mid-1992 to 1994 which was the most severe economic depression since the international oil crisis. Spain faced huge challenges which greatly affected its financial system and international relations. Meanwhile, changes in trade policies, specifically lowering trade restrictions facilitate a freer movement of merchandise among Spain and its trading partners, while promoting efficiency in the economy. The situation in the United States in very much different by the economic state of the European Union. Europe is currently considered as the largest economy at the moment while the United States is recognized the largest and one of the most technologically advanced nations.

The raise of Militarization of American Police Essay

The raise of Militarization of American Police - Essay Example On the other hand, community, policing is most concerned with addressing the issues that the community is most concerned about and other concerns that the members of the community may have. Ties are established by assigning officers to certain regions for extended periods so as to get to know the people and to have a better understanding of the geographical location. Call-in programs and town meetings are some of the ways in which rapport is created. This paper looks at the effectiveness of community policing and the reasons as to why it is being adopted by many police departments. Community policing has over the years been evolving and is being changed to become more adaptable with the different setting in which it is to be applied. Its origin is traced to the civil rights movements of the 1960s. It was meant to address the challenges and social upheavals that were made manifest during this time. Riots and racial injustices caused many tensions and led many to view the police service as a symbol of political authority causing wide public criticism. As a result, the president of the Unite States at the time set up a commission in 1967. The committee findings were that the police service ought to be made more sensitive and responsive a rapidly changing society (Kappeler & Gaine, 2012). Over the years, a few factors have led to its evolving in into the many forms of community policing that exist today.. The concern of most of the people was the unfair treatment of the minorities, especially black people by the police. The treatment led to the restructuring of th e police service into geographical regions and aspects such as foot patrol and line officers being introduced. In the 1970s, academic interest in this discipline increased as the many researchers began examining the role and the effectiveness of the traditional strategies that the police service

My Position in Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Essay Example for Free

My Position in Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Essay In Maslows hierarchy of needs, I would like to see myself in the fourth level. I must say I am already fulfilled when it comes to physiological, safety, and belongingness needs. As I grow old, I realize my needs and as I become mature I started to aim for satisfaction. I have a very supportive family and I could say that I have gained a lot of friends along my journey whom I can consider as part of my success. I am no longer a child to aim for belongingness nor too old to aim for self actualization, I am still on my quest for achievement and reputation. Even though, I have already finished my college education, I still have a lot of plans for my future. Just like what Marlows say about the â€Å"needs† of a person, esteem needs talks about the pride. I must say I am already in the stage where I am aiming for others recognition and respect. Since I have a strong belief that respect and reputation are gained not only through kindness, I am still planning for more not only to have them but also because those achievements are what I consider as real success in ones life. In my two decades of existence, I have learned to value the achievements that I have gained and aim for more as I grow old. When a person desire for independence and competence, I must say that that is the time when he or she is already satisfied with his or her other needs. That is what I feel for myself right now. I have learned to mingle with different kinds of people for more knowledge, go to different places for adventure, and face adversaries to win every competition. I won a lot of friends but I have also encountered a lot of enemies on my way to what I called success. Maybe because I have been considered as competent and a dreamer, what I already have right now seem not enough for me to be satisfied. I think that is because I am still young to stop and be satisfied for what I have gained in my short journey of life. I also think that being a member of a family of achievers gives me an inspiration to dream more and go further than what I have already accomplished. The prominent people around me give me encouragement to make all my plans reachable. Apparently, my goal in life and my perspective of satisfaction rely heavily on my quest for independence, respect, and reputation. I have realized that I am already satisfied with other needs in life and those things that I want to do today reflect what I want to be in the future.